Work from Home Before and After the COVID-19 Outbreak

Abstract

Based on novel survey data, we document the evolution of commuting behavior in the U.S. over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Work from home (WFH) increased sharply and persistently after the outbreak, and much more so among some workers than others. Using theory and evidence, we argue that the observed heterogeneity in WFH transitions is consistent with potentially more permanent changes to work arrangements in some occupations, and not just temporary substitution in response to greater health risks. Consistent with increased WFH adoption, many more---especially higher-educated---workers expect to WFH in the future.

Keywords: working from home, telecommuting, telework, remote work, COVID-19, pandemic

JEL Classification: J1, J2, J22, I18, R4